European folklore regards the bell as both a decree of death and as a means of protection. The outer shell of the bell is seen as being female while the hammer is envisioned as being male. The ringing of the bell marks the time, and purifies the air of unwanted influences. It can also be used to create an altered state of consciousness, or for the calling of spirits.

In Italy, bells are often attached to livestock to prevent them from getting the Evil Eye. Bells are also attached to household pets to protect them from baneful spirits.